心理健康和治療術語表
心理健康對我們的整體健康至關重要，它會直接影響我們的日常情緒和身體狀況。本術語表提供了主要的情緒問題、
症狀和治療方式的資料。無論你在尋找有關焦慮症、憂鬱症、ADHD、或躁鬱症的信息，
還是認知行為療法 (CBT) 和藝術療法等的相關資料，本指南都能助你更加了解各類型的情緒症狀和主要的治療方法。
情緒問題
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
SAD is a type of depression related to seasonal changes, typically starting in the fall and continuing through winter, causing low energy and moodiness. Treatments include light therapy, CBT, and medications such as SSRIs.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder is characterized by inappropriate, persistent, and excessive anxiety about being away from home or loved ones. Symptoms include fear of being alone, reluctance to sleep without the attachment figure, nightmares about separation, and physical symptoms like vomiting and headaches. Children must show symptoms for at least four weeks, and adults for at least six months, to be diagnosed. Treatments include CBT and parent training.
Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. Individuals experience extreme social anxiety and performance anxiety, leading to distress and avoidance of social situations. Treatments include CBT, exposure therapy, and medications such as SSRIs and benzodiazepines.
分離焦慮症
分離焦慮症特徵是對離開家或親人的不適當、持續和過度的焦慮，症狀包括害怕獨處、害怕在沒有依戀對象的情況下入睡、分離相關的噩夢以及身體症狀如嘔吐、頭痛。兒童需出現症狀至少四週，成人需至少六個月才能被診斷。治療包括認知行為療法和家長指導。
社交恐懼症
社交恐懼症特徵是強烈而持久地害怕被他人監視和評判，個體經歷極度的社交和表現焦慮，導致痛苦並避免社交場合。治療包括認知行為療法、暴露療法和藥物治療（如SSRIs和苯二氮卓类药物）。
精神分裂症
精神分裂症是一種精神疾病，其特徵是脫離現實、幻覺（通常為幻聽）、妄想、異常思維和行為、情感表達減少、動機消失以及日常功能受損。治療包括抗精神病藥物、認知行為療法、家庭治療和社會技能訓練。持續的心理支持和社會服務也很重要。
不同類型的治療方式
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is an evidence-based psychological treatment that addresses distorted thinking and behavioral problems to alleviate emotional distress. CBT is effective in treating various mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD, and binge eating disorder. Treatment involves identifying negative thoughts, changing behaviors, and developing problem-solving skills.
Art Therapy
Art therapy involves therapeutic activities like painting and sculpting. Creating art can be a healing experience, allowing patients to express themselves creatively and spontaneously. The artworks produced can have symbolic meanings, helping to resolve conflicts and promote growth and recovery. Art therapy is suitable for various psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
認知行為治療
認知行為治療是一種經科學證明有效的心理治療方法，通過改變患者的思想謬誤和問題行為，緩解情緒困擾。CBT 對治療各種情緒病如抑鬱症、焦慮症、驚恐症、社交恐懼症、強迫症、創傷後情緒病和暴食症等都非常有效。治療包括識別負面思維、行為改變和問題解決技能。
藝術治療
藝術治療通過繪畫、粘土塑形等藝術活動進行，幫助患者以創造性和自發的方式表達自己。藝術品具有象徵意義，有助於解決衝突並促進成長和康復。藝術治療適用於多種心理障礙，包括抑鬱症、焦慮症和創傷後壓力症。